Since IFN-β production is dramatically increased in response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) [e.g. Toll-like receptors (TLRs)], we explored how the UPR influences IFN-β induction by reagents mimicking bacterial and viral infection.

From HLA-B27 to spondyloarthritis: a journey through the ER, 2011, Robert A. Colbert, Monica L. DeLay, and Erin I. Klenk